The FDA has declared shortages for critical ICU sedation drugs midazolam and ketamine due to high demand for COVID-19 coronavirus patients.
for common sedatives and anesthetics used in the ICU -- propofol, dexmedetomidine, etomidate, ketamine, lorazepam, and midazolam, but the fill rate dropped to 63% before the end of the month, according to data from Vizient, the group purchasing organization for about half of U.S. acute care centers, reported by STAT.
For midazolam, the FDA's noted that Akorn Pharmaceuticals said it cannot supply the market demand and that Fresenius Kabi reported that it still has the drug available but is seeing increased demand. Gland Pharma and Hikma Pharmaceuticals provided little information about their shortages.
Hospira reported increased demand across midazolam products. One of its products is in limited supply and expected to be on back-order until later in April. Two others won't be ready for delivery until next June.
For , fentanyl, and lorazepam, increased demand has been cited by several companies, with only Hospira reporting that its products are in limited supply due to .
Hospira recently for anesthesia and analgesia. Janssen Pharmaceuticals recently stopped making fentanyl transdermal patches.
The FDA released last week requiring notification within 5 days of interruptions or other problems with drug supply. "FDA should not first learn of a supply disruption resulting from an interruption in manufacturing from a purchaser whose order could not be filled by the manufacturer," it said.
The shortages aren't too surprising, especially around hot spots like New York City, said Michael Ganio, PharmD, senior director of pharmacy practice and quality at the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
"For one, some of these medications have been in short supply for a couple of years, on and off availability," he told 鶹ý. "We're concerned about all of them, because most of our inventory in the hospitals and most of the inventory in distribution centers from the wholesalers is a 'just in time' inventory. We keep typically a week, maybe 2 weeks of supply in hand."
The dropoff in elective surgery had helped conserve the medications, but ICU patients rip through much larger supplies of these drugs, he noted in an interview monitored by his organization's media relations.
Manufacturing supply problems stemming from shutdowns of Chinese producers of active ingredients due to COVID-19 have yet to ripple through the distribution channels, he noted. "It's yet to be seen just what impact that might have."
Moving supplies around the country as peaks hit various population centers can only do so much, Ganio said.
On March 24, Vizient also reported that rose about 70- and 20-fold, respectively, during the previous week, while fill rates dropped as low as 1.4% and 12.1%.
The District of Columbia Department of Health, for one, issued emergency orders that those two drugs and azithromycin for FDA-approved indications, with limited exceptions.
"Pharmacists have been managing shortages for 20 years now," Ganio noted. "We've become creative, we've been able to manage most things where frontline practitioners don't realize that there is a shortage."
"We'll figure it out," he said.